One of the auxiliary verbs used to show and add the different meanings
connected with particular expressions
Pattern:
|
e.g. She may
be sick today.
You may leave this room.
Ø Can
o Present/future ability
To show present and future ability
e.g. I can do my homework
o Request
To show request
e.g. Can I borrow your car?
o Offering
To express an offering
e.g. Can I do something for you?
Ø Could
o Past ability
To show ability in the past
e.g. I could
play basket ball when I was a child
o Polite request
To show a polite request.
e.g. Could I
borrow your pen, please?
Ø May
o Possibility
To show possibility in the present or future.
e.g. He may go
to the library now.
o Polite request
To show a polite request
e.g. May I
borrow your pen?
o Offering
To show offering
e.g. May I help you?
o Hopes and wishes
To show hopes and wishes about future
e.g. May God be
with you. May you rest in peace.
Ø Might
o Possibility
To show possibility in the present or future
e.g. He might be
at the library now.
o Polite request
To show a polite request
e.g. Might I
borrow your pen?
Ø Must – Have/Has/Had to
o Obligation
To show obligation
e.g. You must
study hard.
o Prohibition
To show prohibition
e.g. You must not step on the grass.
o Certainty
To show certainty
e.g. John is
absent, he must be sick today.
Ø Should/Ought to
o Advisability
To show advisability
e.g. He should
take a rest now.
o Essence/recommendation
To show essence/recommendation
e.g. It is
essential that you should go home early.
Ø Would
o Past willingness
To show past willingness
e.g. I would come to the party last
night.
o Offering
To show offering
e.g. Would you
like some tea?
o Request
To show a request
e.g. Would you
mind closing the door?
Ø Will/Shall
o Willingness
To show about willingness in the present or future.
e.g. I’ll call you when I get back.
o Request
To show a request
e.g. Will you go
with me?
EXERCISES
- Change the following sentences into the suitable forms.
1. Tom can catch the fish in the sea (+)
_____________________________________________
(-)
_____________________________________________
(?Y/N)
_____________________________________________
(?-How)
2. You must not bring an application letter now (-)
_____________________________________________
(+)
_____________________________________________
(?Y/N)
_____________________________________________
(?-What)
3. Should they leave me alone here (?Y/N)
_____________________________________________
(+)
_____________________________________________
(-)
_____________________________________________
(?-Why)
4. Bill could stay in this apartment for two weeks last
month (+)
_____________________________________________
(-)
_____________________________________________
(?Y/N)
_____________________________________________
(?-How long)
5. Would you drink some coffee at this restaurant tonight
(?Y/N)
_____________________________________________
(+)
_____________________________________________
(-)
_____________________________________________
(?-What)
- Complete the following sentences using can/may/must/should. Sometimes you need the negatives.
1. My father is very smart. He ________ speak five
languages.
2. Look! The girl is falling into the river. We ________
rescue her now.
3. Tom gets failed in his exams. I think he ________
study harder.
4. There is nobody in the room now. They ________ go out
to buy something.
5. If you don’t bring your dictionary, you ________
borrow mine now.
6. You ________ touch the wall. My father has just
painted it.
7. You ________ care about her since she loves you very
much.
8. John is absent from school today. He ________ be sick.
9. The bus 1 has just left. We ____wait another
later.
10. Sorry, I am
very busy now. I ________ help you.
- Situational exercise 1
Give your responses or opinions to
the following situations with the suitable modal auxiliaries. Use your own
words to express your ideas.
1. You want to go or study abroad. What must you do?
_______________________________________________________
2. Your father gives you a lot of money. What can you do?
_______________________________________________________
3. Your mother is sick today. What should you do?
_______________________________________________________
4. You come late and don’t see any friends in the class.
Tell the possibilities about it.
_______________________________________________________
5. You’ll have the exams next week. What you must you do?
_______________________________________________________
6. Ann finds difficult to understand the lesson. What can
you do?
_______________________________________________________
7. Jane looks tired. She’s been working for ten hours.
What is your suggestion?
_______________________________________________________
8. Your teacher is coming late today. This never happens
before. What do you think of possibilities about him?
_______________________________________________________
v MODAL PERFECT
Ø Unimplemented past ability
To show
unimplemented ability in the past
Pattern:
Could + Have +Been/Verb III
|
e.g. I could have gone home on time but the bus
was late last night.
Ø Past possibility
To show
possibility in the past
Pattern:
Might + Have +Been/Verb III
|
e.g. She was
not here yesterday, she might have been sick.
Ø Past certainty
To show
certainty in the past
Pattern:
Must + Have +Been/Verb III
|
e.g. There was
so much noise last night; our neighbor must have come back from their holiday.
Ø Past advisability
To show
advisability in the past
Pattern:
Should + Have +Been/Verb III
|
e.g.
She did not pass her exams last
term, she should have studied hard.
The key notions
Modal progressive
§ Present
Pattern:
Modals + be +Verb- ing
|
e.g. I should be sleeping now.
§ Past
Pattern:
Modal Perfect + Have + Been Verb - ing
|
e.g. He should have been sleeping at this time
yesterday
Modal preparatory subject
There
can be combined with modals.
e.g. There must be a rule to prevent the accident in the street.
Expressions
§ Special occasion
e.g. Everybody was died on the fire but she was
able to escape.
§ Preference
e.g. I would rather tell you about the news.
§ Strong advice
e.g. You had better go home now.
§ Strong expectation
e.g. She is to be here, the class will start soon.
§ Typical suggestion
e.g. The play is boring; I may go home as well.
§ Mind cases
e.g. Would
you mind if I closed the door? (offering/permission)
Would you mind closing the door? (request)
§ Dare and Need case
Dare and Ned
can used as modals.
e.g. I need to drink some water. (Modal)
è I need
water (Verb)
I dare not see the body. (Modal)
è I dare you
play this game. (Verb)
EXERCISES
- Complete the following sentences with Modal Perfect.
1. The ground was wet this morning. It __________ (rain)
last night.
2. John was absent yesterday. He __________ (be) sick.
3. Tom woke up late this morning. He ________ (sleep)
earlier last night.
4. Susan __________ (win) the contest but she got an
accident on the way to the stage last month.
5. John got lost to my house last week. He __________
(take) the wrong bus.
6. I didn’t see Peter at home last night. He __________
(go) to the hall.
7. Jane got failed in her interview because of being late
last week. She __________ (come) earlier to the interview.
8. Kim __________ (help) me do my homework but she was
very busy last night.
- Use Modal Perfect to give your responses or opinions about the following situations.
1. I didn’t see my jacket in the class this morning. I
had left it there last night.
(might)__________________________________________________
2. I didn’t think that we would get lost to the museum
yesterday. The bus was not in the way to go there.
(must)
__________________________________________________
3. Tom got accident last month. He drove his car 100
kilometers an hour.
(should)_________________________________________________
4. I promised to come home earlier but the bus was 30
minutes late last night.
(could) __________________________________________________
5. Tom was absent from school yesterday. Nobody knew
where Tom was.
(might)
__________________________________________________
6. It was raining hard when I wanted to leave home.
Unfortunately, I didn’t bring my umbrella with me.
(should)_________________________________________________
7. I planned to take some pictures when I climbed the
mountain. But I lost my camera on the way to get the top of the mountain.
(could)__________________________________________________
8. Everyone laughed when the film started. They watched a
comedy show in the theatre last night.
(must)
__________________________________________________
INTEGRATED EXERCISE
Choose the best choice to the
following questions.
1. We ____ when the traffic light shows red.
a. must stop b.
may stop c. can stop d. ought to stop
2. He asked me whether he ____ my car to go to the party
a. must
borrow b. might borrow c. may borrow d. would borrow
3. I could not find the museum you told me about. I ____
the wrong bus
a. must have
taken c.
might have taken
b. should
have taken d.
could have taken
4. She did not tell me where she ____ after classes.
a. would go b. should go c. might go
d. must go
5. “Does Anton know that Myrna had an accident
yesterday?”
“I don’t
think so, we ____ him as soon as
we were informed.”
a. may have
told c.
should have told
b. must have
told d.
would have told
6. “I can’t find my phone book in my bag”
“Well, you
____ in the car, let’s take a look.”
a. must
leave b. will leave c. can leave d. may leave
7. “Don’t you
think the driver is speeding?”
“Yes, I am
afraid he ____ the lives of the passengers.”
a. may
endanger b. should endanger c. must endanger d. can endanger
8. “The players spent the night before the big match at a
party.”
“That was
foolish of them, they ____ to bed early.”
a. must have
gone c.
could have gone
b. should
have gone d.
would have gone
9. “The oil was frozen, mother could not use it to fry
the fish.
“I am sure,
it ____ very cold last night.
a. must have
been c.
should have been
b. might
have been d.
could have been
10. She looks so
hungry and weak. She ____ some food.
a. may buy b. must buy c. will buy d. can buy
11. She missed
the train yesterday. She ____ earlier.
a. would
have left b. should have left c. must have left d. might have left
12. “She did not
answer the phone when I called her.”
“She ____
yesterday.”
a. must have
slept c.
would have slept
b. could
have slept d.
should have slept
13. I did not
know there was a test yesterday, you ____ me about it.
a. should
have told c.
could have told
b. might
have told d.
must have told
14. “I wonder
how old he is. He was Asti’s classmate in 1985, so he ____ at least twenty five
now.
a. will be b. shall be c. can be d. may be
15. “I am sorry
I was not able to finish typing your paper.”
“Well, it
was my fault, I ____ you with too much work.”
a. might not
have burdened c. could not
have burdened
b. should
not have burdened d. must not
have burdened
16. Rita has
just missed the plane to Medan. She ____ at the airport at least two hours
before the departure.
a. could
have been c.
should have been
b. might
have been d.
must have been
17. Many
people didn’t eat during the war ten years ago. They ____.
a. could
have suffered c.
must have suffered
b. may have
suffered d.
should have suffered
Artikel Terkait
gris Soal Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries
Do you know
modal?
Modal is
auxiliary verb ( kata kerja bantu )
Ok,friends I
would like to tell about kind of modals.
-
Must
= Harus
- Can ,
Could = Akan
- Will,
Would = Akan
-Shall,
Should = Akan
- May,
Might = Mungkin
- Ought
to = Seharusnya
POLA MODAL AUXILIARIES :
* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1
Can she do the test?
Will we go to the hospital?
* ( + ) S + MODAL + V1
She can do the test.
We will go to the hospital
* ( – ) S + MODAL NOT + V1
She can’t do the test.
We will not go to the hospital.
* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1
Can she do the test?
Will we go to the hospital?
* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1
Can she do the test?
Will we go to the hospital?
* ( + ) S + MODAL + V1
She can do the test.
We will go to the hospital
* ( – ) S + MODAL NOT + V1
She can’t do the test.
We will not go to the hospital.
* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1
Can she do the test?
Will we go to the hospital?
Exercises :
1. They study
hard,because next April they will take the
examination
A. Will
B. Should
C. Can
2. You ____ permit to your mother.if you go to school
2. You ____ permit to your mother.if you go to school
A. Must
B. May
C.
Mustn’t
3. She ____ come here tommorow.
A. Will B. Can C. Must
3. She ____ come here tommorow.
A. Will B. Can C. Must
4. He ____
speak English well if he took English course .
A. Will B. Can C. Could
5. You seem to be having trouble there. ____I help you?
A. Would B. Will C. Shall
A. Will B. Can C. Could
5. You seem to be having trouble there. ____I help you?
A. Would B. Will C. Shall
6. Teddy got
a bed score for his examination, ____study hard for next
A. Should have studied
B. Could have
studied
C. Might have studied
7. My father
____ play guitar when he was child
A. Shall
B. Can
C. Could
8.
I have been invited my friends to come, They be
there tomorrow
A.
Would
B.
Could
C. Should
9.
The sky so dark, it be rain
A. May
B.
Might
C. Should
10. There`s
a baby area, you smoke
here.
A. Ought to
B. Must not
C. Should not
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